A spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that changes how signals travel between the brain and the body below the injury. It can affect movement, sensation, and sexual function in ways that vary by the level and completeness of the injury, and many people adapt intimacy successfully with information and support.

Spasticity is involuntary muscle tightness or spasms caused by certain neurological conditions or injuries. It can affect positioning and comfort during intimacy, and timing, positioning, and provider guidance can help manage it.

Arousal is the body's physical and emotional response to sexual stimulation, which can include increased blood flow to the genitals, lubrication, and heightened sensitivity. Arousal and desire are related but distinct, and either can be affected by health changes.